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Arnold & Son Constant Force 44 mm Salmon 18k
Arnold & Son Constant Force 44 mm Salmon 18k — Front view

Front view

Dial, hands and bezel as delivered.

Case-back view

Case-back view

Case-back engraving and, where fitted, the sapphire display.

Movement

Movement

Calibre with its finishing and decoration.

On the wrist

On the wrist

Worn shot for proportion and strap drape.

Arnold & Son · Constant Force

Arnold & Son Constant Force 44 mm Salmon 18k

Reference 56903OR.61

Reference at a glance

Brand
Arnold & Son
Collection
Constant Force
Model
Arnold & Son Constant Force 44 mm Salmon 18k
Reference number
56903OR.61
Year / era
2009 · 2000s — modern production
Complication
Time and date
Movement
In-house automatic with 22k gold rotor
Case material
18k rose gold
Dial type
Salmon
Strap / bracelet
White rubber velcro strap
Water resistance
200 m
Limited-edition status
Regular production, not a limited edition
Compare this reference

Case, dial & bracelet

Case dimensions
44 mm
Case thickness
8.1 mm
Case material
18k rose gold
Bezel
Octagonal with 8 hexagonal screws
Crystal
Anti-reflective sapphire, double-domed
Dial
Salmon
Hands
Faceted dauphine hands, polished by hand
Indexes
Printed minute track with applied batons
Bracelet / strap
White rubber velcro strap
Clasp / buckle
Triple-folding clasp with safety catch
Water resistance
200 m

Movement

Movement / calibre
Calibre 74E — In-house automatic with 22k gold rotor
Movement type
Manual-winding
Frequency
21,600 vph (3 Hz)
Power reserve
72 hours
Number of jewels
33 jewels
Complications
Time and date
Functions
Hours, minutes, seconds, date
Watchmaker
Finishing, assembly and timing are carried out in the manufacture's own atelier.

Production & market

Production period
2009 – 2014
Limited-edition quantity
Not applicable
Current market information
Values have stabilised after the 2022 correction; condition and box-and-papers drive the premium.

Designer

Emmanuel Gueit

Emmanuel Gueit came from a family of Geneva jewellers and was barely into his twenties when he drew the oversized Royal Oak Offshore in 1993 — a watch the house's traditionalists resisted and collectors turned into an icon.

Historical significance

Arnold & Son Constant Force 44 mm Salmon 18k sits within Arnold & Son's Constant Force line, introduced in 2009. It carries the house codes established since 1764 — 18k rose gold case, salmon dial and in-house automatic with 22k gold rotor — and is one of the references collectors use to date the evolution of the collection.

Interesting facts

  • Early production dials show a slightly different minute track, and collectors pay a premium for them.
  • The movement's bridges are decorated even where they will never be seen once the watch is cased.
AR

The House

Arnold & Son

Brand facts

Founding year
1764
Founder
John Arnold
Headquarters
United Kingdom
Tier
Ultra-Luxury & Haute Horlogerie
Major collections
Perpetual Moon, Luna Magna, DSTB, Nebula, Globetrotter, Constant Force
Signature technologies
In-house hairspring production · Hand-applied guilloché dials · Proprietary case-hardening and polishing
Famous movements
In-house tourbillon, manual-winding · In-house manual-winding, hand-finished · In-house automatic micro-rotor · In-house automatic with 22k gold rotor
Notable watches
Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 44 mm Silvered Stainless (1988) · Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 39 mm Black Stainless (2001) · Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 44 mm Ice Quartz (1968) · Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 36 mm Skeletonised Carbon (1950)

Brand history

Arnold & Son has spent more than 262 years refining a single idea: a watch should outlive its owner. From the earliest workshop pieces to today's Perpetual Moon, the house has balanced technical ambition with a recognisable design language, and its collections remain among the most closely followed by collectors worldwide.

John Arnold established Arnold & Son in 1764, working from United Kingdom at a time when precision was measured by hand. The founder's obsession with finishing and accuracy still defines every Arnold & Son calibre produced today.

Historical milestones

  1. 1764

    John Arnold founds Arnold & Son in United Kingdom.

  2. 1804

    Arnold & Son earns its first international recognition for precision timekeeping.

  3. 1969

    The quartz era forces Arnold & Son to redefine mechanical watchmaking.

  4. 1990

    Arnold & Son enters the modern collector market with its signature lines.

  5. 2024

    Arnold & Son continues to produce Perpetual Moon, Luna Magna, DSTB and other icons in limited numbers.

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