Front view
Dial, hands and bezel as delivered.
Case-back view
Case-back engraving and, where fitted, the sapphire display.
Movement
Calibre with its finishing and decoration.
On the wrist
Worn shot for proportion and strap drape.
Arnold & Son · Constant Force
Arnold & Son Constant Force 43 mm Salmon 18k
Reference 91202OR.90
Reference at a glance
- Brand
- Arnold & Son
- Collection
- Constant Force
- Model
- Arnold & Son Constant Force 43 mm Salmon 18k
- Reference number
- 91202OR.90
- Year / era
- 1950 · 1950s — pre-quartz mechanical era
- Complication
- Tourbillon
- Movement
- In-house tourbillon, manual-winding
- Case material
- 18k yellow gold
- Dial type
- Salmon
- Strap / bracelet
- Jubilee bracelet
- Water resistance
- 30 m
- Limited-edition status
- Regular production, not a limited edition
Case, dial & bracelet
- Case dimensions
- 43 mm
- Case thickness
- 8.1 mm
- Case material
- 18k yellow gold
- Bezel
- Emerald-set
- Crystal
- Box sapphire with AR coating
- Dial
- Salmon
- Hands
- Skeletonised sword hands, white luminescent
- Indexes
- Diamond-set hour markers
- Bracelet / strap
- Jubilee bracelet
- Clasp / buckle
- Titanium deployant clasp
- Water resistance
- 30 m
Movement
- Movement / calibre
- Calibre 46D — In-house tourbillon, manual-winding
- Movement type
- High-frequency automatic
- Frequency
- 28,800 vph (4 Hz)
- Power reserve
- 38 hours
- Number of jewels
- 21 jewels
- Complications
- Tourbillon
- Functions
- Flying tourbillon, power reserve
- Watchmaker
- Assembled and regulated by a single watchmaker, who signs off the piece before casing.
Production & market
- Production period
- 1950 – 1958
- Limited-edition quantity
- Not applicable
- Current market information
- Trades close to retail on the secondary market, with steady demand for full-set examples.
Designer
Marc Newson
Marc Newson is an Australian industrial designer whose work spans Qantas cabins, Apple hardware and Jaeger-LeCoultre's Atmos clocks; his watch design reduces the object to pure geometry and legibility.
Historical significance
Arnold & Son Constant Force 43 mm Salmon 18k sits within Arnold & Son's Constant Force line, introduced in 1950. It carries the house codes established since 1764 — 18k yellow gold case, salmon dial and in-house tourbillon, manual-winding — and is one of the references collectors use to date the evolution of the collection.
Interesting facts
- The reference was originally planned as a one-year run and stayed in the catalogue for well over a decade.
- Early production dials show a slightly different minute track, and collectors pay a premium for them.
- The movement's bridges are decorated even where they will never be seen once the watch is cased.
The House
Arnold & Son
Brand facts
- Founding year
- 1764
- Founder
- John Arnold
- Headquarters
- United Kingdom
- Tier
- Ultra-Luxury & Haute Horlogerie
- Major collections
- Perpetual Moon, Luna Magna, DSTB, Nebula, Globetrotter, Constant Force
- Signature technologies
- In-house hairspring production · Hand-applied guilloché dials · Proprietary case-hardening and polishing
- Famous movements
- In-house tourbillon, manual-winding · In-house manual-winding, hand-finished · In-house automatic micro-rotor · In-house automatic with 22k gold rotor
- Notable watches
- Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 44 mm Silvered Stainless (1988) · Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 39 mm Black Stainless (2001) · Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 44 mm Ice Quartz (1968) · Arnold & Son Perpetual Moon 36 mm Skeletonised Carbon (1950)
Brand history
Arnold & Son has spent more than 262 years refining a single idea: a watch should outlive its owner. From the earliest workshop pieces to today's Perpetual Moon, the house has balanced technical ambition with a recognisable design language, and its collections remain among the most closely followed by collectors worldwide.
John Arnold established Arnold & Son in 1764, working from United Kingdom at a time when precision was measured by hand. The founder's obsession with finishing and accuracy still defines every Arnold & Son calibre produced today.
Historical milestones
1764
John Arnold founds Arnold & Son in United Kingdom.
1804
Arnold & Son earns its first international recognition for precision timekeeping.
1969
The quartz era forces Arnold & Son to redefine mechanical watchmaking.
1990
Arnold & Son enters the modern collector market with its signature lines.
2024
Arnold & Son continues to produce Perpetual Moon, Luna Magna, DSTB and other icons in limited numbers.
More Constant Force
Arnold & Son Constant Force 39 mm Mother-of-pearl Carbon
Ref. 62952OR.79
Arnold & Son Constant Force 42 mm Salmon 18k
Ref. 33806OR.57
Arnold & Son Constant Force 44 mm Salmon 18k
Ref. 56903OR.61
Arnold & Son Constant Force 42 mm Blue Stainless
Ref. 97877ST.12
Arnold & Son Constant Force 37 mm Mother-of-pearl 18k
Ref. 40085OR.90